Equipping a laboratory is a significant investment—one that impacts research quality, safety, and productivity for years to come. Whether you’re setting up your first academic teaching lab, upgrading a clinical facility, or expanding a research and development center, making informed choices is essential. This guide walks you through every step of the lab equipment purchasing process, offering practical tips, checklists, and real-world examples to help you select the best tools for your unique needs.
Assess Your Laboratory’s Purpose and Needs
Before browsing catalogs or comparing brands, clarify your lab’s specific requirements.
Ask Yourself:
- What type of laboratory are you equipping? (e.g., chemistry, biology, clinical, educational, industrial)
- What are your core experiments or services?
- How many users will share equipment? Will you need high-throughput or automation?
- What’s your projected sample volume?
- Are you planning for future expansion?
If you’re outfitting a new lab or startup, don’t miss our Guide to Choosing the Right Lab Equipment for Startups for focused advice.
Example:
A high school science lab may prioritize durable, easy-to-use glassware and safety gear, while a biotech startup might invest in advanced liquid-handling robots and ultra-low temperature freezers.
Essential Equipment by Lab Type
| Lab Type | Common Essential Equipment |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | Balances, fume hoods, spectrophotometers, glassware |
| Biology |
Incubators, centrifuges, microscopes, biosafety cabinets If you’re selecting a centrifuge, our Centrifuge Buying Guide covers key features, while Portable vs. Benchtop Centrifuges helps you choose the right format. For advanced needs, see Top Refrigerated Centrifuges for Research & Clinical Labs. |
| Clinical |
Refrigerators/freezers, analyzers, pipettes, PPE For help selecting the best microscope for clinical applications, read our Best Clinical Lab Microscopes guide. Need a PCR machine for diagnostics? See our Best PCR Machines for Clinical & Diagnostic Labs. |
| Educational | Durable glassware, basic balances, safety equipment |
| Industrial/QC | Analytical instruments, automation systems, robust furniture |
Essential Categories of Lab Equipment
Every lab’s needs are unique, but most require equipment from these categories:
Measuring and Analytical Instruments
- Balances (analytical, top-loading)
- Spectrophotometers, pH meters, conductivity meters
For an in-depth look at choosing balances, see our Analytical Balances Guide and compare Analytical vs. Precision Balances to select the best fit for your application.
Liquid Handling Tools
- Manual and electronic pipettes, burettes, dispensers
- Multichannel or automated pipetting systems
For sample preparation, especially in food science or biotech labs, explore our Best Homogenizers for Food Science & Biotech Labs.
Heating and Cooling Equipment
- Incubators, ovens, water baths, chillers
- Refrigerators, freezers (standard and ultra-low temperature), cryogenic storage
General Labware and Consumables
- Glassware (preferably borosilicate for durability)
- Consumables (pipette tips, gloves, microplates, filter papers)
Safety Equipment
- Fume hoods, biosafety cabinets, eyewash stations, fire extinguishers
- PPE: lab coats, gloves, goggles, face shields
Lab Furniture
- Chemical-resistant benches, ergonomic stools, storage cabinets
- Modular and adjustable options for future flexibility
Sample Storage and Environmental Control
Proper sample storage and environmental control are critical for maintaining sample integrity, ensuring accurate results, and complying with safety standards. Selecting the right storage solutions and maintaining optimal environmental conditions protects your samples from degradation, contamination, and loss.
Types of Storage Solutions
- Refrigerators and Freezers: Use laboratory-grade refrigerators and freezers (including ultra-low temperature models) to store temperature-sensitive samples such as reagents, biological specimens, and chemicals. Choose storage units with appropriate temperature ranges for your sample types.
- Cryogenic Storage: For samples requiring extremely low temperatures, such as certain biologicals, consider cryogenic freezers or liquid nitrogen storage systems.
- General Storage: Use dedicated cabinets for chemicals, flammable materials, or hazardous substances, ensuring compliance with safety regulations.
Best Practices for Organization and Security
- Labeling and Inventory: Clearly label all samples with relevant information (e.g., sample ID, date, storage conditions). Implement an inventory management system to track sample location and status, reducing the risk of loss or mix-ups.
- Access Control: Restrict access to sensitive or hazardous materials using lockable storage units and access logs.
- Separation and Organization: Organize storage areas to prevent cross-contamination—store incompatible chemicals separately and segregate biological samples by type.
Environmental Control and Monitoring
- Temperature and Humidity Monitoring: Use digital monitoring systems and alarms to continuously track storage conditions. Set up alerts for deviations from required parameters to prevent sample degradation.
- Redundancy and Backup: Equip critical storage units with backup power supplies or alternative storage plans in case of equipment failure or power outages.
- Stable Conditions: Select storage equipment known for temperature uniformity and stability to ensure all samples are kept within specified conditions.
Maintenance and Compliance
- Regular Maintenance: Schedule routine cleaning, calibration, and temperature validation for all storage equipment. Keep maintenance logs for compliance and quality assurance.
- Safety and Regulatory Compliance: Ensure storage solutions meet relevant safety standards and regulations (e.g., for chemical storage or biological containment). Maintain documentation for inspections and audits.
Pro Tip: Investing in reliable storage solutions and environmental monitoring not only safeguards your samples but also supports the reproducibility and credibility of your laboratory’s results.
Laboratory Furniture and Layout: Optimizing Workflow and Safety
Designing your lab’s physical space is just as important as selecting the right equipment. Thoughtful selection of laboratory furniture and careful layout planning can dramatically improve workflow efficiency, support safety protocols, and accommodate future changes.
Key Considerations
Furniture Selection
- Choose chemical-resistant benches and surfaces to withstand spills and repeated cleaning.
- Prioritize ergonomic stools and chairs to support comfort during long procedures.
- Invest in ample storage solutions—cabinets, shelving, and drawers—to reduce clutter and minimize accident risk.
- Opt for modular or adjustable furniture systems for flexibility as your lab’s needs evolve.
Layout Planning
- Map out zones for different activities (e.g., wet vs. dry work, sample prep, analysis).
- Position frequently used equipment for easy access to minimize unnecessary movement.
- Ensure clear pathways and sufficient space between stations to support safe navigation and emergency access.
- Plan for utilities (gas, water, electrical) and ventilation needs early in the design process.
Pro Tip: A well-organized, adaptable laboratory layout not only enhances day-to-day efficiency but also helps maintain compliance with safety regulations and supports future lab expansion.
Key Factors to Consider Before Buying
Making the right choice involves more than comparing prices. Evaluate the following:
New vs. Used/Refurbished Equipment
- New: Latest features, full warranty, higher upfront cost
- Refurbished: Cost savings, eco-friendly, may lack latest tech—ensure reliable warranty and source
Checklist:
- Is the equipment critical for high-precision or regulatory work?
- Is a used/refurbished option available from a reputable dealer?
- Does the supplier offer a warranty and service support?
Quality, Accuracy, and Precision
- Review specifications and tolerances
- Request calibration certificates for analytical instruments
Durability and Materials
- Prefer borosilicate glassware for chemical resistance
- Choose robust plastics/metals for high-wear items
Compatibility and Space
- Measure available workspace before purchasing large equipment
- Ensure new instruments integrate with existing tools or software
Capacity and Size
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Match equipment size/capacity to your workload (e.g., centrifuge rotor size, incubator volume)
Automation and Software Integration
-
For labs processing many samples, consider automation-ready or software-compatible devices
Pro Tip: Create a spreadsheet to compare specifications, features, and costs for shortlisted equipment.
Lab Automation and Software Integration
Lab automation and software integration are transforming modern laboratories by increasing productivity, improving data accuracy, and streamlining routine processes. Automation solutions range from robotic sample handlers and automated liquid handlers to centrifuge automation. Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) and instrument management software centralize data, support compliance, and enable seamless collaboration.
Key Benefits
- Boosts throughput and efficiency by automating repetitive tasks.
- Reduces human error and enhances data integrity.
- Simplifies sample tracking and regulatory compliance.
- Supports scalable growth as lab needs evolve.
What to Consider
- Compatibility with existing lab equipment and data systems.
- Ease of integration and user training requirements.
- Support, updates, and scalability of software solutions.
Checklist:
- Does the equipment support automation or digital connectivity?
- Is the software compatible with your current workflow?
- Are staff trained to use automated systems and manage digital data?
A thoughtful approach to automation and software integration ensures your lab remains efficient, accurate, and ready for future demands.
Environmental and Sustainability Considerations
Lab equipment choices can impact your environmental footprint:
- Buying refurbished equipment reduces waste and supports sustainability.
- Select energy-efficient models to lower utility costs and emissions.
- Proper equipment maintenance extends lifespan and reduces the need for replacements.
- Bulk purchasing of consumables can minimize packaging waste.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
Watch out for these frequent mistakes:
- Failing to measure available space before ordering large equipment.
- Overlooking hidden service or travel charges for maintenance visits.
- Ignoring total cost of ownership (energy, consumables, maintenance).
- Not verifying compatibility with existing systems or software.
- Skipping due diligence on warranties and after-sales support.
- Neglecting to check for required safety certifications.
Safety, Compliance, and Regulatory Considerations
Safety is non-negotiable. Compliance with industry standards protects your team and ensures reliable results.
Certifications and Standards
- Look for equipment compliant with ISO, CE, or relevant regional standards.
- For chemical labs, ensure fume hoods meet OSHA or local safety regulations.
Maintenance and Calibration
- Plan for regular maintenance and calibration—schedule reminders and keep records.
- Choose suppliers that offer maintenance contracts or local service.
Training and Documentation
-
Provide user manuals, safety data sheets, and training for all staff.
Quick Safety & Compliance Checklist:
- Is each piece of equipment certified for your application?
- Are emergency procedures and PPE in place?
- Is calibration up-to-date?
- Are maintenance logs maintained?
- Are staff trained on safe operation?
Budgeting and Cost-Saving Strategies
Lab equipment is a major investment. Smart budgeting ensures you get the most value.
Set a Realistic Budget
- Include installation, accessories, consumables, maintenance, and calibration costs.
Total Cost of Ownership
- Factor in energy use, consumable supplies, service contracts, and expected lifespan.
Prioritize Critical Equipment
- Invest in quality for high-impact items (e.g., primary analytical instruments).
- Consider budget-friendly or used options for secondary tools.
Bulk Purchasing and Negotiation
- Buy consumables in bulk for discounts.
- Negotiate service contracts or extended warranties.
Leasing or Financing
- For expensive equipment, consider leasing or financing options to spread costs.
Example:
A university lab secured a discount by bundling equipment and consumables from a single supplier, saving 15% on the total order.
Evaluating Suppliers, Brands, and Certifications
Choosing the right supplier is as important as choosing the equipment itself.
Research Reputation
- Check reviews, ask for references, and consult peers in your field.
Brand and Certification Guidance
- Opt for brands with a proven track record in your lab’s specialty.
- Look for certifications like ISO 9001 or other relevant quality marks.
- Ask suppliers for calibration certificates and compliance documentation.
Not sure which brand to choose? Our Ohaus vs. Mettler Toledo Balances comparison breaks down the pros and cons of each.
Warranties and Support
- Clarify warranty length and coverage details.
- Ask about local service availability and response times.
After-Sales Services
- Does the supplier provide installation, training, and ongoing support?
- Are spare parts readily available?
Supplier Checklist:
- Is the supplier authorized for the brands they sell?
- Do they offer calibration and maintenance?
- Are service contracts reasonable and transparent?
Maintenance, Warranty, and Support
Ongoing support protects your investment and minimizes downtime.
Routine Maintenance
- Schedule regular cleaning, inspection, and calibration.
- Keep a maintenance log for each instrument.
Warranty Coverage
- Understand what’s included (parts, labor, on-site service).
- Know how to initiate a warranty claim.
Service Agreements
- Evaluate if a service contract is cost-effective for your usage.
- For critical equipment, consider preventive maintenance agreements.
Extending Equipment Life
- Follow manufacturer’s storage and usage guidelines.
- Train staff on proper handling.
Conclusion & Next Steps
Selecting lab equipment is a complex, high-stakes process, but with careful planning and informed decision-making, you can build a safe, efficient, and future-proof laboratory. Remember to:
- Clearly define your lab’s needs
- Research and compare options thoroughly
- Prioritize safety and compliance
- Plan for ongoing maintenance and support
- Consider environmental impact and sustainability